outline
we try to use Ansilbe Playbook to configure the server. basically, we will use Ansible Playbook to install server programs we need and configure some settings. in this blog, we will make virtual machine(guest system) by vagrant and install Ansible in there.
- if you want to know how to install vagrant, check previous blog post - vagrant installation and usage.
- if you don’t know how to install Ansible, see previous blog post - Ansible installation.
this blog is based on the assumption that you have done two blogs above.
create Ansible Playbook
create ansible folder in Vagrantfile location.
|-- ansible
|-- Vagrantfil
create playbook.yml file in andible folder. Ansible contents are based on yml file format and grammers. so if we can do yml, we could do in Ansible.
|-- ansible
| |-- playbook.yml
|-- Vagrantfil
the playbook.yml file is the start point of the Ansible. modify playbook.yml like below.
---
- hosts: localhost
roles:
- init
we already talked at previous blog, Ansible is an automation tool for infrastructure. so we can manage local server and remote server infrastructure. we can set Ansible infrastructure target - local server or remote server - in hosts. in here, we try to make local development environment so we set localhost to hosts.
we can’t only make and define one Ansible Playbook file to manage all infrastructure features, but also manage it by separate files with roles. set folder list you managed separately under roles. in here, we only use one init folder, so added -init under roles.
|-- ansible
| |-- init
| | |-- tasks
| | | |-- main.yml
| |-- playbook.yml
|-- Vagrantfil
create init/tasks/main.yml in ansible folder and modify it like below.
---
- name: Make app directory
file: path=/var/www state=directory mode=0755
- name: Symbolic link
file: src=/vagrant dest=/var/www/vhosts state=link
- name: Set timezone to Asia/Tokyo
timezone:
name: Asia/Tokyo
- name: Update and upgrade apt packages
become: true
apt:
upgrade: yes
update_cache: yes
cache_valid_time: 86400
- name: Add python3.6 repo
apt_repository:
repo: 'ppa:jonathonf/python-3.6'
- name: Install basic packages
become: true
apt:
pkg:
- git
- unzip
- python3.6
- python-pip
- python3-pip
- fabric
state: present
update_cache: yes
let’s see Ansible commands one by one.
- name: Make app directory
file: path=/var/www state=directory mode=0755
above is one of Ansible commands. name 위에 내용은 앤서블(Ansible)의 명령어를 나타냅니다. name is the value to distinguish the current command. this command creates the folder by Ansible file command.
- name: Symbolic link
file: src=/vagrant dest=/var/www/vhosts state=link
link /vagrant folder to /var/www/vhosts folder for management.
- name: Set timezone to America/New_York
timezone:
name: America/New_York
set local server timezone.
- name: Update and upgrade apt packages
become: true
apt:
upgrade: yes
update_cache: yes
cache_valid_time: 86400
tags:
- packages
update linux package management tool(apt-get). become: true executes Ansible command by root permission.
- name: Add python3.6 repo
apt_repository:
repo: 'ppa:jonathonf/python-3.6'
Ansible has some modules depend on python so we need to install python. add python repository for installing.
- name: Install basic packages
become: true
apt:
pkg:
- git
- unzip
- python3.6
- python-pip
- python3-pip
- fabric
state: present
update_cache: yes
install git, unzip programs and python programs for later.
modify Vagrantfile
add below to Vagrantfile
# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
...
config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
...
sudo ansible-playbook /vagrant/ansible/playbook.yml
SHELL
config.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant"
end
we added ansible-playbook /vagrant/ansible/playbook.yml in provision shell which we’ve introduced previous blog. if we execute vagrant up or vagrant provision, Ansible Playbook we created is automatically executed.
and we added config.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant" command to sync local machine(host system) folder to virtual machine(guest system) /vagrant folder. now if we edit files in local machine(host system) folder, automatically upload and sync to virtual machine(guest system).
test
let’s test to configure the server automatically by Ansible Playbook and Vagrantfile. if old virtual machine(guest system) is executing, execute below vagrant command to destroy virtual machine(guest system).
vagrant destroy
execute below vagrant command to create virtual machine(guest system). we can see difference between before and now. we can see Ansible Playbook is executed in console.
vagrant up
after virtual machine(guest system) is created, execute below vagrant command to access to virtual machine(guest system).
vagrant ssh
execute below commands to check Vagrantfile and Ansible Playbook have worked well.
cd /vagrant
ls
git --version
unzip -v
completed
in this blog post, we installed programs basically required by Ansible Playbook to virtual machine(guest system). we looked briefly Ansible Playbook through this blog. also we modified Vagrantfile to execute Ansible Playbook automatically when virtual machine(guest system) is started and sync the folder that Vagrantfile was executed to /vagrant folder in virtual machine(guest system).
we should use Ansible Playbook better than here, we feel shameful because of simple usage. we added Ansible Document site in the bottom. please see that and use Ansible more beautifully.
next we will see how to use docker in virtual machine(guest system).
reference
- Ansible Document: https://docs.ansible.com/
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